Normal Childhood Balance Reaction Development

When we refer to "balance," we often leave ourselves open to an array of definitions as we can be referring to muscle balance or the balancing system used in measurement. Although related, here, we are referring to balance as those highly integrated responses that our neurological system performs from moment to moment to enable us to perform at the highest level of functioning possible. Equilibrium reactions are those highly integrated complex automatic responses to changes in posture and movement aimed towards restoring balance. (Tilting reactions are much the same but are elicited on a moving surface). In more simple terms, when one is "balanced" (speaking physically) one can move around as well as on and off of moving objects (escalators) without falling down.

This balance "education" starts from day one and even before during gestation. As our neurological system develops normally, our ability to respond to movement becomes more and more refined. Whereas a newborn's balance system is centered around the head and neck to enable good head control, a 6-month-old's is around the upper trunk for sitting, and so forth. A more mature balance system is one that can control movement during a variety of activities (rolling, sitting, standing, walking, hopping, skipping, cycling, running, jumping, rock climbing, gymnastics, etc.). While integrating a variety of sensory information (from the joints, eyes, skin, muscles, etc.) good balance not only requires the input of normal sensory information, but also good muscle response (including intrinsic muscles).

Both sensory and motor information needs to be carefully evaluated when determining what equipment is to be used. Some individuals may need a variety of balance stimulation. You may wish to start from developmental approach (I.E. rolling, propping, sitting, etc.), but do not limit the individual to mastery of each stage. A variety of balance activities in a variety of positions will usually provide the best experiences. Aside from balance boards and balance beams, therapy balls and air mattressess can serve as wonderful tools to encourage balance and cordination. Do not be limited by what you see. Be creative!

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